LC-MS represents an alternative means of quantifying the concentrations of the NADome in clinically relevant biological specimens after careful consideration of analyte extraction procedures, selection of internal standards, analyte stability, and LC assays. Specialised HPLC-UV, NMR, capillary zone electrophoresis, or colorimetric enzymatic assays are inexpensive and readily available in most laboratories but lack the required specificity and sensitivity for quantification of human biological samples. Recent liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques which overcome some of these technical challenges for quantitative assessment of the NADome in the blood, CSF, and urine are described. Owing to the auto-oxidation properties of most pyridine nucleotides and their differential chemical stability in various biological matrices, accurate assessment of the concentrations of the NADome is an analytical challenge. In this mini review, traditional methods used to quantify various metabolites in the NADome are discussed. Accurate measurement of the NADome is crucial for biochemical research and developing interventions for ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. Altered levels of the NADome may represent a likely indicator of poor metabolic function. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) and its metabolome (NADome) play important roles in preserving cellular homeostasis.
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